英语笔记-讲述故事

字数 668 · 2018-05-07

#english

语法

过去进行时

使用过去进行时表示过去发生并持续了一段时间的一个动作或事件。用动词 be 的过去时和动词的 +ing 形式构成过去进行时。

A: I met Elsa in Spain. I was visiting my brother in Madrid. We were eating tapas, and she walked into the restaurant. - 我在西班牙碰见了Elsa,我当时在马德里看我的兄弟。我们正在餐馆吃西班牙塔帕,这时她走了进来。
B: Were you hopping to find a girlfriend? - 你当时想着找女朋友吗?
A: No, I was just lucky. I really wasn’t trying to find a grilfriend. - 没,我至少走运罢了。我当时真没想着找女朋友。

注意,过去进行时态常用于介绍或提供故事的背景信息。

So, I was driving in my car. Then I saw the accident.

搭配过去进行时的when从句

用过去进行时描述动作在某一时刻正在进行,一个含有一般过去时的 when 从句用来表达动作被打断。

I was writing an email when the phone rang.

I was taking a shower when someone knocked on the door.

搭配过去进行时的 While 从句

使用 while + 过去进行时,描述被另一动作中断的一个持续动作,中断的动作使用一般过去时。

While it was raining, the electricity went out. - 下雨的时候停电了。

While we were sleeping. the electricity came back on. - 我们睡觉的时候,又有电了。

当两个过去持续的动作同时发生时,可以吧 while 用在任意一个动作上。

While Ken was calling the police, the neighbor’s dog was barking.

While I was driving, I was putting on my lip gloss.

如果 while 从句位于句后,不使用逗号。

The electricity came back on while we were sleeping.

形容词和副词

形容词修饰名词,可以在名词前也可以在名词后:

Martin is a lucky guy.

Martin is lucky.

副词用于修饰动词或形容词,可以在动词前也可以在动词后:

He swims quickly.

He is really fast.

副词常常用与句子的开头,在这种情况下,副词定下了全句的基调:

Surprisingly, John didn’t get the job.

许多副词在词尾加 -ly 即可变为副词:

fortunate - fortunately

Fortunately, John met Mary. He is a fortunate man.

注意词尾为 y 的形容词,如果变为副词,将 y 变成 i 再加 ly

lucky - luckily

如果形容词以 l 结尾, 只需要加 ly 即可

grateful - gratefully

状态动词

有些动词不描述动作,它们描述状态、状况或形势。它们称为 stative verbs。注意,这些动词几乎从不用于 -ing 形式。

类似 seehearknow 的静态动词可描述你的感知或理解的东西。

I hear birds outside. - 我听见外面有鸟叫。

haveown 等静态动词可描述你拥有的东西。

She has a new car.

lovehate 等静态动词可以描述你对某事的感受。

I hate vegetables!

记住:静态动词几乎从不用于 -ing 形式。

正确:I know Jhon.
错误:I am knowing Jhon.

讲述故事

描述过去发生的事情时,使用这些常见的讲故事的惯用方法。

设定故事背景,使用过去进行时态:

Let me tell you the story about how I met Shane. I was sitting in the movie theater.

讲故事应该有头有尾:

I was sitting in the movie theater. He dropped his pizza on his shoes. I helped him clean up, and we left together.

在讲故事时,有效运用肢体语言,可以让故事更加吸引人。开始讲时,注意听众的眼睛,尽量保持眼神交流。你还可以使用手势来帮助说明事情。

I caught a really big fish (伸出双手放在两旁,展示鱼的长度。)

I couldn’t believe it. (伸出双手,掌心朝上,表示难以置信。)

My stomach really hurt. (把手放在肚子上,表示疼痛。)

故事事件的排序

使用类似表达开始故事:

At first, I didn’t like him.

In the begining, he seemed unfriendly.

使用类似表达继续讲述故事:

Later, we started talking in the break room. - 后来,我们在休息室开始交谈。

After that, we had lunch a couple of times.

Next, we went on a date.

使用类似表达介绍故事:

Finally, he asked me to marry him.

In the end, we got married and had three children.

描述感情

描述自己的感受,可以使用动词 fellbe

I was really embarraseed. - 我非常尴尬。
I felt guilty. - 我觉得很内疚。

要描述他人的感受,如果你肯定他的感受,你可以使用动词 be

He was upset.

如果你觉得你知道对方的感受但是不是完全肯定,使用动词 seem

He seemed upset. - 他似乎很沮丧。

描述对某一事件的感受时,使用 behappen 等动词。

The hike was fantastic.

Something crazy happened.

听故事的反应

在听故事时,使用类似表达表示理解,支持或同情:

Oh, no!
How terrible! - 多可怕呀!
What bad luck! - 太倒霉了!
I bet! - 我肯定!

使用类似表达询问更多细节:

What happened?
So, then what happened?
Were you hurt?
Weren’t you afraid? - 难道你当时不害怕吗?

词汇

个人关系

Close friend - 指和你关系非常好的人

Marry and I are very close friends.

Old friend - 指和你人生很长时间的人

John and I are old friends. I met him 20 years ago.

Buddy - 表示朋友的非正式用于,注意,该词多为男性使用,指代他们的男性朋友

My buddy Harry and I went to college together. - 我和我的哥们 Harry 一起上的大学。

Relatives - 指你家族中的人,比如 cousins 和 anuts.

For New Year’s Eve, all of my wife’s relatives coming over for a party. - 新年前夕,我妻子的全部亲戚都来了参加聚会。

职业关系

Co-workerscolleagues 指和你共事的人。 两个词是同义词,意思相同。

Sarah and I are colleagues.

Martin and I are co-workers.

bossmanager 都表示领导,但 boss 的正式程度更低。

Martina is my boss.

My manager is on vacation.

使用 acquaintance 熟人,表示你了解一点的人,这可能是个人关系,也可能是职业关系。

Antonio is an acquaintance of mine. I don’t really know him very well. - Antonio 是我认识的人,我不是很了解他。