语法
现在完成时
使用现在完成时，谈论对现在有特定影响的一个过去的动作或事件，例如，检查某人是否做了某事。
Have you packed your bags? - 你收拾好了么？
Have you printed your boarding pass. - 你打印登机牌了么？
构成现在完成时疑问句的方式： have + subject + 过去分词。
以下是一些有用的过去分词。 那它们和现在时及过去式对比。
| 现在时 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| pack | packed | packed |
| printed | printed | |
| book | booked | booked |
| bring | brought | brought |
| lose | lost | lost |
如果有人问你是否做了某事，你可以这样回答：
A: Have you printed your boarding pass?
B: Yes, I have.
A: Have you packed your bags?
B: No, not yet.
要表达做了什么，用类似这样的短语：
I have booked a taxi.
在口语中，代名词和动词通常缩写。
I’ve booked a taxi.
要告诉某人没做什么，使用 haven't。
I haven’t printed my borading pass.
I haven’t checked in yet.
have to
可以使用 have to + 动词 表达必须要做的事情。
Amy’s flight leaves in an hour. She’ll have to catch the express train. - Amy 的航班一小时后起飞，她必须赶特快列车。
The company gave me a limousine, so I didn’t have to take the shuttle. - 公司给我派了一辆豪华汽车，所以我不必乘坐大巴。
也可以使用 have to + 动词 表达有义务要做的事情。
A: Did you have to drive Ted to the airport? - 你必须开车送Ted去机场么？
B: Yes, I did. He drove me last time. - 是的，我得送他，上次他开车送的我。
记住，在口语中，单词的每个音素并非始终发音。尤其是元音常常缩略或省略。这些形式在书面英语中并不使用，但听到的使用要能够辨认，这非常重要。 口语中， Have to 听起来像 hafta，Has to 听起来像 hasta，Had to 听起来像 hadta 。
更多过去分词
有些不规则动词的过去分词和过去时形式不同。
| 现在时 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been |
| come | came | come |
| do | did | done |
| get | got | gotten/got |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| see | saw | seen |
| take | took | taken |
记住用这些过去分词构成现在完成时，同时记住，谈论发生在过去某个不确定的事件的事情时，使用现在完成时。
肯定陈述
have + 过去分词
否定陈述
haven’t + 过去分词
疑问句
Have + 主语 + 过去分词 + ？
现在完成时使用的副词
用副词 yet，already，never 和 even 在现在完成时中表示过去知道现在的一段时间。
yet
用副词 yet 表示某事尚未发生，或询问某事是否已经发生。该副词场放于句尾。
I haven’t printed my boarding pass yet.
They haven’t packed their bags yet. - 他们还没有收拾好行李。
Has she left for the airport yet? - 她已经出发去机场了么？
Already
使用副词 already 来表达某事已经发生，或询问某事是否已经发生。该副词常直接放在主要动词之前。
You can’t come? But I’ve already booked the tickets! - 你不来了吗？ 可是我机票都定好了！
Carly has already been to Paris, but I haven’t. - Carly 已经去过巴黎了，但是我还没去过。
Has John already been to the Louvre. - John 已经去过卢浮宫了。
Never & ever
用副词 ever 询问是否有事情发生，或谈论某人的经历。 作为否定的回应，用 never，这类副词常常放在主要动词前面。
A: Have you ever lived in another country?
B: No, I’ve never lived in another country.
语言提示： 一个普遍的错误是在肯定句中使用副词 ever。
询问和告知航班信息
使用类似表达询问航班信息：
A: When are you leaving? - 你什么时候离开？
B: On the 23th.
A: When are you returning? - 你什么时候回来？
B: On Friday the 31st.
A: What the time’s your flight? - 航班几点起飞？
B: It’s at 7:30 a.m.
A: What’s the airline? - 是哪家航空公司？
B: Air Pacifica. - 太平洋航空。
A: When do you arrive in Paris? - 你什么时候到巴黎？
B: At 11.42 p.m.
A: Which airport do you fly out of? - 你要在哪个飞机场起飞？
B: O’Hare. - 奥黑尔机场。
A: Which airport do you fly in to? - 你要飞抵哪个机场？
B: I fly in to De Gaulle. - 我飞往戴高乐机场。
提出不同选择
如果想要获有关抵达某个目的地的交通工具选择的帮助，可以使用类似下面的问题：
Excuse me, how do I get downtown. - 对不起，请问我怎么去市中心？
I need to get to the Grand Hotel. What’s the best way to go there?
可能会听到提供一些选择的回答：
You can take the shuttle, or you can take a taxi. - 你可以坐机场大巴，也可以乘坐出租车。
You could take the express train or the subway.
如果你想询问更多其他选择的问题，或者获得建议，可以询问类似下面的问题：
Would a taxi be expensive?
What do you suggest?
Do I have any other choice?
一旦确认了交通工具，你可能想知道在哪里乘坐：
Where is the subway station from here?
询问航程
A: How was your flight. - 你的飞行顺利么？
B: OK, but I had to change planes is Singapore. - 还行，但我必须在新加坡转机。
A: How are you feeling? - 你觉得怎么样？
B: I’m really jet-legged. It’s 2 a.m. back home. - 我的时差反应很大，现在加了是凌晨两点。
A: Did you get any sleep on the plane?
B: No, not really. I’m pretty tired. - 没，没怎么睡。我非常累。
A: Have you eaten yet?
B: Yes, I had dinner on the plane.
A: Any problems at customs and immigration? - 海关和入境处有碰到什么问题吗？
B: No, I got through really fast. - 没有，我很快就过关了。
范文
登机
A: May I see your passport, please?
B: Yes. Here you are.
A: Unfortunately, your flight has been delayed. It’s now scheduled to depart at 6:00 p.m.
B: Well, It’s not too bad.
A: I’m sorry for any inconvenience.
B: That’s OK.
A: Right now you have a middle seat, would to prefer a window seat or an aisle seat?
B: An aisle seat, Please.
问路
A: Excuse me, could you help me?
B: Sure, what do you need.
A: How do I get downtown? I’m staying a hotel there.
B: Well, you basically have three options.
A: OK.
B: You can take a taxi. There are also buses to downtown. Or you could take the express train.
A: Would taxi be the fastest?
B: Umm, not always. The traffic’s usually pretty at this time.
A: Oh. So what do you suggest?
B: Umm, what’s the name of your hotel?
A: It’s the Royal Hotel.
B: Can I see the address?
A: Certainly.
B: Okay, this is going to be easy. Your hotel is near Central Station, so the best choice for you is the express train.
B: It’s a little expensive, but it’s really fast. Just get off at Central Station.
A: Where is the express train from here?
B: Go straight this way. See the woman with the big hat?
A: Yes.
B: Turn left there, the station is really close.
A: Thank you very much.
B: My pleasure.
疑问
When are you returning? vs. When will you return?
It’s the most beautiful place I’ve ever camped.
词汇
一些旅行词汇
trip passport ticket flight
airline - 航空公司
international terminal - 国际航站楼
boarding pass - 登机牌
window seat - 靠窗的座位
aisle seat - 过道的座位
一些交通词汇
taxi subway
rental car - a car that you can rent.
express train - 特快列车
其他词汇
| English | 发音 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| domestic | [dəˈmestik] | 国内的 |
| visa | [‘vizə] | 签证 |
| downtown | 市中心 | |
| jet leg | 时差 | |
| Louvre | 罗浮宫 | |
| wonbat | 袋熊 | |
| kangaroos | 袋鼠 |